The subtests

LADS Plus is built on a model of dyslexia identification that considers both key dyslexia indicators and below expected performance based on estimated intelligence.

The test comprises five subtests designed to assess general ability/intelligence - through verbal and non-verbal reasoning (more information can be found in the administrator manual) - and dyslexia sensitive measures including literacy skills.

Each subtest begins with practice items with spoken instructions.

The non-verbal reasoning module involves the completion of matrix puzzles that can be solved by a careful application of logical reasoning, using both visual and verbal strategies. This is not designed to be speeded test, however, a time limit of 30 seconds has been allowed for each item to avoid excessively lengthy assessment sessions.

The verbal reasoning module is a test of verbal conceptual relationships where in the word that provides the best conceptual link between the two pictures must be identified. If the person taking the test wishes, the computer will speak the words when they are clicked on, so reading competence is not necessary.

The Word Recognition module is a test of lexical decoding involving speeded recognition of real words from non-words.

The person taking the test must click on the real word as quickly as they can. If no response is made within 30 seconds, the program automatically moves on to the next item, however for individuals who score within the top 10% of the population on the nonverbal reasoning test, the time per item is reduced to 8 seconds. The purpose of this is to place additional processing speed constraints on exceptionally bright individuals who will normally be able to compensate well for any dyslexic difficulties.

The word construction module is a test of lexical encoding of nonwords from syllables. The computer speaks a three-syllable nonword and the person taking the test must click on the syllables that make up this nonword in the correct order as swiftly as possible.

If no response is made within 30 seconds, the program automatically moves on to the next item. However, for individuals who score within the top 10% of the population on the nonverbal reasoning test, the time per item is reduced to 6 seconds. The purpose of this is to place additional processing speed constraints on exceptionally bright individuals who will normally be able to compensate well for any dyslexic difficulties.

The working memory module is a test of backwards digit span. A sequence of digits is spoken by the computer, and the person taking the test must enter these as swiftly as possible in reverse order (from memory).